The Misunderstood Universe

Examining the mysteries of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and the true meaning of the red shift will lead to a better, more accurate, and more useful standard model of the universe. The demonstrated role of gravity in contributing to the red shift and "tired light" shoiuld be of interest to many astrophysicists, and cosmologists, and other scientists. Only a few simple equations are needed and this material can be read and understood by most people. This information about the mistakes in the standard model of the universe is my contribution to the current and future scientific community. If my analysis and suggested corrections are accepted by this present generation, it will help redirect the work of many excellent scientists, physicists, and engineers, and produce a correct understanding of the universe. Investment of time and money in science and technology is important for the growth and survival of society, in the past and in the future. Without mankind’s great curiosity, we would be living under primitive conditions. Investment in science has brought great returns - much greater than for many other investments. Unfortunately the recent reduced investment in science and research has not been sufficient to meet our needs. In one sense we are eating our seed corn and our future dependence on the results of diminished research and science will be disappointing - if not corrected. Some areas of research and curiosity may not be immediately productive, but the study of the universe will help improve our experimental work in many other areas, and will train new scientists who may use their training in areas with more immediate benefits. We should acknowledge that what we learn about the universe probably would not have any practical use in the immediate future, but we should insure that our observations should not be devalued by the mistaken theories that result in mysteries such as Dark Matter and Dark Energy, and unsupported belief in the Big Bang. Learning how to solve problems correctly and with an open mind is an important tool for future scientists. With respect to the understanding of the universe, there will remain other tasks for those interested in this field, including refinement of my contributions. In any event, the information provide here can be of help to future generations. In our opinion and probably that of others, the valid observations must take priority over theory when the theory is not in agreement with observations. Speculation can be the beginning of understanding but should not exist in valid solutions or explanations. An indicator of speculations can include any of the following words, for example: apparently, suggests, believe, suppose, maybe, perhaps, maybe, - or similar phrases. My personal belief is that science is based upon observations. Whenever the theory does not agree with valid observations (validated by repetition, and preferably by others) then the observations should take priority over theory. Then the speculation or theory in order, to be considered must be modified or extended to agree with the observations in order to be considered valid. Theories however, have value because they can guide the attempted validation by new observations. An acceptable theory for consideration is one that can agree with past observations, and even more important can suggest and agree with future observations.