While comparison to other time concepts might be fruitful, ‘Now’ in its own right is empirically obvious. The fact that we can’t escape from ‘now’ except only in thought ‘now’ simply proves its unitary nature. Therefore, emphatically tied to the physiology of the ‘self’ and the basic physics of simple space (and its contained substance) seems more than convincing that ‘now’ is all there is in that framework. My conjecture is that the flow of time is the combination of a stress on space and its contents - now - and change is any strain accomplished. The rate is not fixed but very dependent on its local environment. It is not a continuum but a single manifold, a singularity if you wish, throughout all space. The past is merely the integral of former ‘nows’ and the future the propensity of ‘now’ to changes that modify the present. The arrow of time is the inherent vector of the stress itself. ‘Now’ is not some independent variable - and poignantly, it is us. Equally important and correspondingly, memory and anticipation of the self, again only ‘Now’, is very anthropic but also responsible for the muddling and other confusing views of time.
A universal ‘now’ was never a question until after Michelson & Morley’s profound demonstration. While delays in communication were accepted, the famous experiment inadvertently concluded space was void - not an acceptable idea today. So it wasn’t totally unreasonable that Einstein, aware there was no medium, altered the space metric. His was an elegant solution but then it introduced its own paradoxes and bizarre cosmological interpretations more pregnant today. From here we will deviate to what will be interpreted as a thicker slower space.
Further, space-time is very self-contradictory besides excluding a meaningful ‘now’. Also well recognized, it fails to justify a direction or ‘arrow of time’ other than obtuse fuzzy macro trends (local entropy and thermodynamics can go both ways), but more specifically: Motion is not relative as the twin paradox refutes. And in other ways, a Mach universe or cosmic dependent background simply confirms a here & now with the whole. Relativistic math works but could equally be transformed to a ‘now’ manifold with a variable speed of light (Voc) inversely tied to the gravitational field. For example, the focusing galactic cluster Abell 1689 is better acting like a denser refractive lens than a distended space metric.
Additionally we will consider the double pox of a Black hole:
1) A Schwartschild radius that creates an infinite distended space-time on the outside where Relativity dies with a no-math-land inside.
2) A great singularity mass at the center without any definition other than magnitude of what that mass might be.
Biorates, Analogs and a dash of Philosophy - a new approach
To be further defined herein, a Biorate is a human observer including his physiology. In a modern sense he recognizes not only his environment but also can communicate with other Biorates to compare relative differences between them, particularly using a Doppler beacon. Within the cosmic whole, his compatriots recognize their different space and velocity environments and can interpret whom or what should be more robust, going faster, or living slower, etc. To suggest they are each sterile with Voc=k and that E=mc2 is a fixed relationship rather than a ratio between environments will be passé. Further, they can engineer and each carry a universal ‘Now’ clock by being aware of their individual and collective differences, and incidentally, if many of them, avoiding a Relativistic N-body problem.
The universe is big with fine detail, ancient with a quick pulse and includes us evolved with an object oriented intellect. The latter is as much due to the machinery of the eye as it is converted in the brain into hard or ethereal concepts or processes and indoctrinated therein as much by shaman or scientists. That we enter into this awesome universe in mid-scales, I find actuality by analogy is common. I will follow with three: Size, Bowen condensation and Roche limit analogs.